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Ayuka Khan (1669–1724) was a Kalmyk leader under whose rule the Kalmyk Khanate reached its zenith in terms of economic, military, and politic power. On behalf of Russia, Ayuka Khan protected the southern borders of Russia, engaging in many military expeditions against the Muslim tribes of Central Asia, the North Caucasus and Crimea.〔 "The Kalmyk Khanate reached its peak of power in the period of Ayuka Khan (1669-1724). Ayuka Khan fulfilled his responsibility to protect the southern borders of Russia and conducted many military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Empire and Kuban Tatars. He also waged wars against the Kazakhs, subjugated the Mangyshlak Turkmens, and made multiple expeditions against the highlanders of the North Caucasus."〕 Kalmyk troops invaded Bashkirs with Kazan and Orenburg Bashkir Uprising (1681-1684). Then the Russian government sent to negotiate for Ayuke Prince Golitsyn Alexei Ivanovich. These negotiations failed to stop the Russian attacks Kalmyks and keep Ayuka Khan of friendly relations with the Porte, the Crimea and Persia. Russian authorities in an effort to strengthen its influence in the Lower Volga, supported Ayuka Khan and used his troops during the suppression of the Astrakhan (1705-1706) and Bulavin (1707–1709) uprisings, as well as in the Great Northern War (1700-1721), and the Russo-Persian War (1722-1723).〔Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov. (''Kalmykia in Russia's Past and Present National Policies and Administrative System'' ) Central European University Press, 2008 ISBN 9639776173 p 86〕 For the latter war, to honor his service, he received a golden sword and a belt covered with precious stones by Peter I.〔Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov. (''Kalmykia in Russia's Past and Present National Policies and Administrative System'' ) Central European University Press, 2008 ISBN 9639776173 p 86〕 Ayuka Khan, restoring peaceful relations with the Russian kingdom, turned his attention to the east. Ayuka Khan undertook military campaign against the Kazakh and Turkmen, making them their tributaries. Part Mangyshlak Turkmens were displaced Ayuka Khan the Volga, to the same period include his successful war with Dagestanis, Kumyks, Kabardians and Kuban. In 1690, the Dalai Lama bestowed Kalmyk taisha Ayuke Khan's title with a seal. ==See also== *Brigitta Scherzenfeldt 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ayuka Khan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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